Urban Biodiversity in Practice: Four Cities Exchange Lessons in Turku

Urban Biodiversity in Practice: Four Cities Exchange Lessons in Turku

Group photo of the international biodiversity experts
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Project partners and transfer partners from Malmö, Neapoli-Sykies, and Košice in the EUI-funded Urban Biodiversity Parks project gathered in Turku for a three-day deep dive site visit to explore what it takes to turn urban biodiversity ambitions into practice. Through discussions and site visits in Skanssi, Halinen, and Jyrkkälä, participants examined the importance of long-term implementation, community involvement, learning by doing, and cross-city exchange in developing biodiversity-enhancing solutions for urban areas.

Visiting Europe’s first biodiversity park in Skanssi highlighted the value of learning in practice

The first day focused on Skanssi Biodiversity Park and the practical experience gained from implementation so far. A key takeaway was that creating an urban biodiversity park requires long-term commitment, continuous learning, and the ability to adapt plans as the work progresses.

“Taking biodiversity into account in the design process requires a deep understanding of the site and a shift from rigid plans toward a more experimental, continuously evolving approach. Instead of designing solely from our desks, we have spent a lot of time on-site in the park and learned that as our knowledge grows, we must be prepared to adapt our plans.” says Annika Pöyhtäri, Project Manager of the Urban Biodiversity Parks project. 

Participants also agreed on the importance of allowing different perspectives and opinions throughout the process in order to achieve the best possible outcome.

One common challenge discussed by the participating cities was how to measure biodiversity and assess the impacts of different approaches. Measuring biodiversity change over the course of just one or two years is rarely very informative. A key message was that perhaps biodiversity work should be based on meaningful baseline comparisons and indicator species rather than broad or circular metrics. Ultimately, the most effective nature-based solutions are not necessarily the most expensive, but those best suited to the local ecosystem.

The discussions also highlighted how visitor management, participatory nature management, and monitoring can strengthen both ecological outcomes and the park’s role as a shared urban space and learning environment for local communities.

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A seed meadow, introduced as an experimental measure in Skanssi, supports the production of seeds from native plant species.

On the photo: A seed meadow, introduced as an experimental measure in Skanssi, supports the production of seeds from native plant species.

“The transfer cities identified strong replication potential in many of the solutions already introduced in Skanssi. These included ways to increase the amount of decaying wood, such as hedges and formations made from cut logs, as well as natural elements like new types of benches and an experimental limestone meadow. Turku’s approaches to engaging citizens in nature management, including the removal of invasive species and the construction of a traditional fence, also attracted considerable interest. One point on which everyone agreed was that the importance of communication can never be underestimated,” summarises Maija Rusanen, Senior Advisor at the City of Turku.

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The group had the opportunity to take part in an environmental art workshop, using different tools to carve homes for insects into decaying wood.

Neighbourhood pilots highlighted the importance of community-based approaches

The second day shifted attention to the suburban pilot areas in Halinen and Jyrkkälä, where biodiversity work is closely connected to everyday neighbourhood life. The visit highlighted that local pilots create value not only for nature, but also for inclusion, participation, and residents’ sense of ownership. Community gardening, co-creative processes, and small-scale experimentation emerged as practical ways to test ideas, build trust, and connect biodiversity goals with broader social benefits. In summer 2026, small-scale investments designed in collaboration with local communities will be implemented to enhance biodiversity.

"What inspired us most was the number of simple, practical solutions that can be implemented immediately. The visit demonstrated that supporting biodiversity does not always require major investments – often it is about changing the way we design, manage and perceive public spaces. This is a lesson we will take forward both in the development of a new urban park where biodiversity elements will be transferred, and in the preparation of Košice’s Biodiversity and Blue-Green Infrastructure Strategy." summarises Mária Ház the lessons learned after two days of field trips. 

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An insect hotel is one of the ways to create a multi-species environment in the Halinen neighbourhood, alongside other biodiversity-enhancing measures.

On the photo: An insect hotel is one of the ways to create a multi-species environment in the Halinen neighbourhood, alongside other biodiversity-enhancing measures.

Making biodiversity a shared responsibility

The final day focused on how cities can join forces with private sector actors to embed biodiversity more systematically in urban development. The discussion explored what would encourage companies to commit to biodiversity enhancement – whether stronger requirements, clearer incentives, or a combination of both. Participants agreed that both are needed. Within the project, the market dialogue approach has proven effective in raising awareness among both companies and city planners. A shared conclusion was that clear biodiversity goals should be integrated from the very beginning of any development process, ideally together with indicators to support follow-up. At the same time, the discussion returned to a question raised on the first day: how should biodiversity be measured? This remains a challenge shared by cities across Europe.

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Right-of-occupancy housing developer Vaso Ltd. piloted new ways to enhance biodiversity at its housing development site. This has meant, for example, introducing meadow areas instead of lawns and adding decaying wood.

On the photo: Right-of-occupancy housing developer Vaso Ltd. piloted new ways to enhance biodiversity at its housing development site. This has meant, for example, introducing meadow areas instead of lawns and adding decaying wood.  

 

Author: Maija Rusanen, City of Turku/ Union of the Baltic Cities Sustainable Cities Commission  

All photos: Maija Rusanen